GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
ikawai tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats.
iktali - An obscure tal of 11 beats.
indra tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
indralin tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 11 beats.
indranil tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 17 beats.
indri - The cloth and fiber ring cushions upon which the tabla rests.
indwi - See indri.
Saturday, 14 March 2009
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "H" - An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
hamsalol tal - An obscure tal of five beats.
hanuman tal - An obscure tal of 22 beats.
harmonium - A small hand-pumped reed-organ.
hathodi - The small hammer used to tune the tabla.
hemavati tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
himangshu tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
hinch - A popular four beat folk tal of Gujarat.
hindustani sangeet - North Indian classical music.
hamsalol tal - An obscure tal of five beats.
hanuman tal - An obscure tal of 22 beats.
harmonium - A small hand-pumped reed-organ.
hathodi - The small hammer used to tune the tabla.
hemavati tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
himangshu tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
hinch - A popular four beat folk tal of Gujarat.
hindustani sangeet - North Indian classical music.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "G" - An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
gab - The syahi.
gajajhampa tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
gajalila tal - A rare tal variously described as 17 or 18 beats.
gajara - (Lit. a small string of flowers in a women's hair.) The braid of the pudi.
gajarisch tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
ganda bandhan - The ceremonial tying of thread around a new disciple's wrist signifying the beginning of ones discipleship.
gandhara - The third note of the scale (Ga).
gandharva - The demigods who, according to mythology, were the original possessors of the celestial art of classical music.
gandharva desh - Abode of the celestial beings.
gandharva veda - The science of music.
Ganesh - The elephant headed God who removes obstacles, often considered the god associated with percussion.
ganesh tal - An obscure tal of either 18, 20 or 21 beats, formerly played on pakhawaj.
garugi panchak tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
garugi tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
gat - 1) A compositional type common in the purbi style of playing. 2) The theme of an instrumental performance.
gat kaida - A gat which is performed to a strict kaida format.
gatta - The wooden dowels in the lacing.
gazal - A style of poetic recitation, today a style of song.
ge - A bol for the left hand.
geet - A song.
gha - A basic bol of the left hand.
ghan - A non-membranous percussion instrument (e.g., bells, manjira, jal tarang, etc.)
gharana - (Lit. "house") A particular subtradition or "school"
gharanedar - A representative of a particular gharana or school.
ghat tal - An obscure tal of eight beats.
ghatam - A large earthenware vessel which is played in south Indian performances.
ghazal - see gazal.
ghe - A bol for the left hand.
ghi or - A bol for the left hand.
ghin - A bol for the left hand.
ghungharu - A collection of very small bells worn around the feet of a dancer.
gi or - A bol for the left hand.
gin - A bol for the left hand.
ginti tihai - A tihai commonly found in kathak, based upon so many small iterations that numbers are used instead of bols.
girali - See chutta.
git - See geet.
gittak - See gatta.
gopuchcha yati - (Lit. "a cow's tail") An ancient variety of rhythmic variation. It begins fast and gradually decreases tempo.
gotuvadhyam - An instrument similar to a Saraswati vina except that it has no frets. It is played with a slide like a Hawaiian guitar.
grah - 1) (ancient) The starting point of the composition. There are four types: sam, visham, atit, and anagat. 2) (modern) The method of handling sam.
grah tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
grahagrah tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
gudri - The kundal.
Gujarat - A state in northwest India.
gun - Times (i.e., ekgun=single time, dugun=double time, tigun=triple time, etc.)
guru - 1) A teacher. 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two laghu.
guru bhai - A fellow disciple under the teacher.
guru purnima - A day set aside to honor the guru.
guru-shishya-parampara - The lineage of teacher to disciple.
gab - The syahi.
gajajhampa tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
gajalila tal - A rare tal variously described as 17 or 18 beats.
gajara - (Lit. a small string of flowers in a women's hair.) The braid of the pudi.
gajarisch tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
ganda bandhan - The ceremonial tying of thread around a new disciple's wrist signifying the beginning of ones discipleship.
gandhara - The third note of the scale (Ga).
gandharva - The demigods who, according to mythology, were the original possessors of the celestial art of classical music.
gandharva desh - Abode of the celestial beings.
gandharva veda - The science of music.
Ganesh - The elephant headed God who removes obstacles, often considered the god associated with percussion.
ganesh tal - An obscure tal of either 18, 20 or 21 beats, formerly played on pakhawaj.
garugi panchak tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
garugi tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
gat - 1) A compositional type common in the purbi style of playing. 2) The theme of an instrumental performance.
gat kaida - A gat which is performed to a strict kaida format.
gatta - The wooden dowels in the lacing.
gazal - A style of poetic recitation, today a style of song.
ge - A bol for the left hand.
geet - A song.
gha - A basic bol of the left hand.
ghan - A non-membranous percussion instrument (e.g., bells, manjira, jal tarang, etc.)
gharana - (Lit. "house") A particular subtradition or "school"
gharanedar - A representative of a particular gharana or school.
ghat tal - An obscure tal of eight beats.
ghatam - A large earthenware vessel which is played in south Indian performances.
ghazal - see gazal.
ghe - A bol for the left hand.
ghi or - A bol for the left hand.
ghin - A bol for the left hand.
ghungharu - A collection of very small bells worn around the feet of a dancer.
gi or - A bol for the left hand.
gin - A bol for the left hand.
ginti tihai - A tihai commonly found in kathak, based upon so many small iterations that numbers are used instead of bols.
girali - See chutta.
git - See geet.
gittak - See gatta.
gopuchcha yati - (Lit. "a cow's tail") An ancient variety of rhythmic variation. It begins fast and gradually decreases tempo.
gotuvadhyam - An instrument similar to a Saraswati vina except that it has no frets. It is played with a slide like a Hawaiian guitar.
grah - 1) (ancient) The starting point of the composition. There are four types: sam, visham, atit, and anagat. 2) (modern) The method of handling sam.
grah tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
grahagrah tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
gudri - The kundal.
Gujarat - A state in northwest India.
gun - Times (i.e., ekgun=single time, dugun=double time, tigun=triple time, etc.)
guru - 1) A teacher. 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two laghu.
guru bhai - A fellow disciple under the teacher.
guru purnima - A day set aside to honor the guru.
guru-shishya-parampara - The lineage of teacher to disciple.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "F" - An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
fard - A purbi composition characterized by an absence of khali/bhari structure.
farmaish - Encore. A special request from the audience.
farmaishi paran - Any paran which is used for a farmaish (encore). This term really means nothing. It may be applied to virtually any paran, however, it will more commonly be applied to ekhatthu (ekhatthi), lom-vilom or top compositions.
farodast tal - An old and obscure tal of seven or 14 beats.
Farukhabad - 1) A town in northern Indian. 2) The gharana from this town.
filmi - 1) Pertaining to the film or movie industry. 2) A style of popular music.
fuljhadi - (Lit. a type of fireworks, a "fountain".) A type of gat characterized by sudden changes in the overall speed.
fard - A purbi composition characterized by an absence of khali/bhari structure.
farmaish - Encore. A special request from the audience.
farmaishi paran - Any paran which is used for a farmaish (encore). This term really means nothing. It may be applied to virtually any paran, however, it will more commonly be applied to ekhatthu (ekhatthi), lom-vilom or top compositions.
farodast tal - An old and obscure tal of seven or 14 beats.
Farukhabad - 1) A town in northern Indian. 2) The gharana from this town.
filmi - 1) Pertaining to the film or movie industry. 2) A style of popular music.
fuljhadi - (Lit. a type of fireworks, a "fountain".) A type of gat characterized by sudden changes in the overall speed.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "E" - An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
ekaki vadan - Instrumental solo.
ekgun - A layakari of 1:1 (i.e., single time)
ekhatthi - See ekhatthu.
ekhatthu - A composition which can be played with a single hand.
ektal - A common tal of 12 beats, however, non-standard versions may be found for 3, 4, 5, 7, and even 9 beats.
ektali - See iktali.
ektar - A simple one-stringed folk instrument.
esraj - A bowed instrument related to the sarangi.
ekaki vadan - Instrumental solo.
ekgun - A layakari of 1:1 (i.e., single time)
ekhatthi - See ekhatthu.
ekhatthu - A composition which can be played with a single hand.
ektal - A common tal of 12 beats, however, non-standard versions may be found for 3, 4, 5, 7, and even 9 beats.
ektali - See iktali.
ektar - A simple one-stringed folk instrument.
esraj - A bowed instrument related to the sarangi.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "C" - An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
da - A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.
da - A tabla bol.
dadra - A semiclassical style of singing
dadra tal - A common six beat tal used in light and semiclassical music.
dagga - The large metal left hand drum.
dakshaman tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
dam - (Lit. "Breath"). A pause, specifically the two pauses which separate the three sections of a tihai.
damdar tihai - A tihai in which each section is separated by a pause.
damodar tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
damaru - A small hour-glass shaped drum traditionally ascribed to Shiva.
damaru yati - An ancient form where the tempo begins very fast, decreases to slow, then increased towards the end. So called because its graphic representation resembles a damaru.
darbar - Royal court.
darbari kanada - A common evening rag.
das pran - (Archaic, Lit. "ten breaths") The ten characteristics of tal.
das syandan tal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
dayan - The small wooden right hand drum.
dedh - Playing 3 strokes over two beats (i.e., 1 1/2 times)
Delhi - See Dilli.
deshi - Pertaining to the world, land, country, or, people.
deshi nishabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was not produced. This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet.
deshi sashabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was produced (i.e., snapping of fingers, clapping of hands, etc.). This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet. deshi tal - A tal which is of the ordinary material world, opposite of marg tal.
devadhwani tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
devagandhar tal - An obscure tal of 23 beats.
devaguna tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
dha - A fundamental bol of both tabla and pakhawaj.
dha - An uncommon bol.
dhadhi - A Muslim community of hereditary musicians, generally considered to be low caste.
dhaivat - The sixth note of the scale (Dha).
dhamar tal - See dhammar tal.
dhammar - An old style of singing, similar to dhrupad, generally associated with the spring season.
dhammar punjabi tal - An obscure tal of 14 beats.
dhammar tal - A 14 matra pakhawaj tal.
dhammari tal - An obscure tal of 11 1/2 beats.
dhi or - A fundamental bol.
dhin - A fundamental bol.
dholak - A crude folk drum characterized by a cylindrical wooden shell covered with skin on both sides.
dholak masala - A paste applied to inner surface of left hand drum skin on many folk drums.
dholki - A small folk drum popular in Maharashtra.
dhrupad - A classical style of music, once popular but today rare.
dhruva - (Archaic) A type of timekeeping in marg sashabd kriya characterized by the snapping of fingers.
dhruva tal - An obscure tal variously considered 11, 14, 21, 23, or 29 beats.
dhumali tal - A variation of kaherava tal.
dhun - 1) A light style of instrumental solo. 2) A musical religious chant.
di or - A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.
Dilli - Delhi, the present capitol of India.
dilli baj - The style of playing tabla, originally from Delhi, characterized by extensive use of the middle finger and strokes on the rim of the tabla.
dilruba - A bowed instrument with frets like a sitar.
din - A bol of tabla and pakhawaj.
dipak - A rag that is supposed to produce fire when sung correctly.
dipchandi tal - A common 14 beat tal.
dobahar tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
dohatthu - A composition where both hands are played on the same drum.
dom - A low-caste community of musicians.
dotar - 1) A simple two-stringed instrument played in folk music. 2) An instrument similar to rabab played in Bengal.
drut - 1) Fast tempo. 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two anudrut.
duff - A large tambourine used in folk music.
dugga - See dagga.
dugun - A layakari of 2:1 (i.e., double time).
dupalli - A type of gat where a phrase repeats twice.
durbal - A note of the rag which is weak or subdued.
dval - The tasma of the tabla.
da - A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.
da - A tabla bol.
dadra - A semiclassical style of singing
dadra tal - A common six beat tal used in light and semiclassical music.
dagga - The large metal left hand drum.
dakshaman tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
dam - (Lit. "Breath"). A pause, specifically the two pauses which separate the three sections of a tihai.
damdar tihai - A tihai in which each section is separated by a pause.
damodar tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
damaru - A small hour-glass shaped drum traditionally ascribed to Shiva.
damaru yati - An ancient form where the tempo begins very fast, decreases to slow, then increased towards the end. So called because its graphic representation resembles a damaru.
darbar - Royal court.
darbari kanada - A common evening rag.
das pran - (Archaic, Lit. "ten breaths") The ten characteristics of tal.
das syandan tal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
dayan - The small wooden right hand drum.
dedh - Playing 3 strokes over two beats (i.e., 1 1/2 times)
Delhi - See Dilli.
deshi - Pertaining to the world, land, country, or, people.
deshi nishabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was not produced. This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet.
deshi sashabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was produced (i.e., snapping of fingers, clapping of hands, etc.). This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet. deshi tal - A tal which is of the ordinary material world, opposite of marg tal.
devadhwani tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
devagandhar tal - An obscure tal of 23 beats.
devaguna tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
dha - A fundamental bol of both tabla and pakhawaj.
dha - An uncommon bol.
dhadhi - A Muslim community of hereditary musicians, generally considered to be low caste.
dhaivat - The sixth note of the scale (Dha).
dhamar tal - See dhammar tal.
dhammar - An old style of singing, similar to dhrupad, generally associated with the spring season.
dhammar punjabi tal - An obscure tal of 14 beats.
dhammar tal - A 14 matra pakhawaj tal.
dhammari tal - An obscure tal of 11 1/2 beats.
dhi or - A fundamental bol.
dhin - A fundamental bol.
dholak - A crude folk drum characterized by a cylindrical wooden shell covered with skin on both sides.
dholak masala - A paste applied to inner surface of left hand drum skin on many folk drums.
dholki - A small folk drum popular in Maharashtra.
dhrupad - A classical style of music, once popular but today rare.
dhruva - (Archaic) A type of timekeeping in marg sashabd kriya characterized by the snapping of fingers.
dhruva tal - An obscure tal variously considered 11, 14, 21, 23, or 29 beats.
dhumali tal - A variation of kaherava tal.
dhun - 1) A light style of instrumental solo. 2) A musical religious chant.
di or - A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.
Dilli - Delhi, the present capitol of India.
dilli baj - The style of playing tabla, originally from Delhi, characterized by extensive use of the middle finger and strokes on the rim of the tabla.
dilruba - A bowed instrument with frets like a sitar.
din - A bol of tabla and pakhawaj.
dipak - A rag that is supposed to produce fire when sung correctly.
dipchandi tal - A common 14 beat tal.
dobahar tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
dohatthu - A composition where both hands are played on the same drum.
dom - A low-caste community of musicians.
dotar - 1) A simple two-stringed instrument played in folk music. 2) An instrument similar to rabab played in Bengal.
drut - 1) Fast tempo. 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two anudrut.
duff - A large tambourine used in folk music.
dugga - See dagga.
dugun - A layakari of 2:1 (i.e., double time).
dupalli - A type of gat where a phrase repeats twice.
durbal - A note of the rag which is weak or subdued.
dval - The tasma of the tabla.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "C"- An Indian Art.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
cabas - A simple instrument made from beads and coconut which is used in film and folk music.
cakkardar - See chakradar.
calan - See chalan.
capaknewala - See chapaknewala.
Carnatic sangeet - The south Indian system of music.
caugun - See chaugun.
chachar tal - See dipchandi.
chakra tal - An obscure tal variously described as five or 30 beats.
chakradar - A tihai in which each phrase is a tihai in itself.
chala - See chalan.
chalan - Some consider this to be similar to peshkar while some consider it to be similar to laggi or ladi. There is not a broadly accepted definition.
champak tal - See adachautal.
chanchar - See dipchandi.
chand - A theme and variation based upon unusual syncopations.
chandra tal - An obscure tal of 18 beats.
chandrachartal - See chandrachautal.
chandrachautal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
chandrakala tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
chandrakrida tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
chandramani tal - An obscure tal of 11 beats.
chang tal - An obscure eight beat tal.
chant - See chat.
chanti - See chat.
chapaka tal - An obscure eight beat tal.
chapaknewala - A type of Dha characterized by a strong "Tak" sound.
charbag - A type of gat or paran revolving around a particular bol played four times.
chartal - See chautal.
chartal ki sawari - A rare tal of 11 beats.
chart - See chat
chat - The outer section of the tabla skin.
chat tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
chati - See chat.
chatrustal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
chatur tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
chaturbhag - An archaic unit of time equal to two kalas.
chaturput tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
chaturstra jati - Any rhythm composed of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. beats.
chaugun - A layakari of 4:1. (i.e., quadruple time.)
chauhai - Similar to tihai except there is a repetition of the phrase four times instead of three.
chaupalli - 1) The same as tipalli except with four sections. 2) A composition revolving around a quadruple repetition of a single bol (e.g.,. . . . . . .).
chautal - An old 12 beat pakhawaj tal.
chegun - (Lit. "six-times") Six strokes per beat.
chela - A disciple, or student.
chikari - The drone strings on the sides of sitar, sarod and a few other instruments.
chilla - 40 days of reclusion and austerities.
chinh - Notational elements.
chitra tal - An obscure tal variously described as two or 15 beats.
chota kheyal - A fast vocal style.
choti savari tal - Considered by most to be synonymous to pancham savari.
chougun - see chaugun.
chudamani tal - An obscure tal considered by some to be 17 beats and 32 beats by others.
chutta - The cushioned rings which support the tabla.
cilla - See chilla.
cabas - A simple instrument made from beads and coconut which is used in film and folk music.
cakkardar - See chakradar.
calan - See chalan.
capaknewala - See chapaknewala.
Carnatic sangeet - The south Indian system of music.
caugun - See chaugun.
chachar tal - See dipchandi.
chakra tal - An obscure tal variously described as five or 30 beats.
chakradar - A tihai in which each phrase is a tihai in itself.
chala - See chalan.
chalan - Some consider this to be similar to peshkar while some consider it to be similar to laggi or ladi. There is not a broadly accepted definition.
champak tal - See adachautal.
chanchar - See dipchandi.
chand - A theme and variation based upon unusual syncopations.
chandra tal - An obscure tal of 18 beats.
chandrachartal - See chandrachautal.
chandrachautal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
chandrakala tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
chandrakrida tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
chandramani tal - An obscure tal of 11 beats.
chang tal - An obscure eight beat tal.
chant - See chat.
chanti - See chat.
chapaka tal - An obscure eight beat tal.
chapaknewala - A type of Dha characterized by a strong "Tak" sound.
charbag - A type of gat or paran revolving around a particular bol played four times.
chartal - See chautal.
chartal ki sawari - A rare tal of 11 beats.
chart - See chat
chat - The outer section of the tabla skin.
chat tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
chati - See chat.
chatrustal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
chatur tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
chaturbhag - An archaic unit of time equal to two kalas.
chaturput tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
chaturstra jati - Any rhythm composed of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. beats.
chaugun - A layakari of 4:1. (i.e., quadruple time.)
chauhai - Similar to tihai except there is a repetition of the phrase four times instead of three.
chaupalli - 1) The same as tipalli except with four sections. 2) A composition revolving around a quadruple repetition of a single bol (e.g.,. . . . . . .).
chautal - An old 12 beat pakhawaj tal.
chegun - (Lit. "six-times") Six strokes per beat.
chela - A disciple, or student.
chikari - The drone strings on the sides of sitar, sarod and a few other instruments.
chilla - 40 days of reclusion and austerities.
chinh - Notational elements.
chitra tal - An obscure tal variously described as two or 15 beats.
chota kheyal - A fast vocal style.
choti savari tal - Considered by most to be synonymous to pancham savari.
chougun - see chaugun.
chudamani tal - An obscure tal considered by some to be 17 beats and 32 beats by others.
chutta - The cushioned rings which support the tabla.
cilla - See chilla.
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